The prevalent diseases of unsafe drinking water in nigeria include cholera, guinea worm, hepatitis, and shigellosis. Air borne and water borne diseases list of high impact. Ensuring universal access to water and sanitation, the major preventive action for preventing these diseases, is one of the united nations. Mortality and burden of disease from water and sanitation. Food and water borne illness, often referred to as food poisoning, is generally caused by eating or drinking food or beverages contaminated by bacteria, parasites or viruses. Poor hygiene, poor housing, overcrowded living conditions and lack of safe food preparation and handling intensify the situation in developing country particularly the slum. Nigeria is a country suffering from the crippling burden of disease resulting from unsafe drinking water. Water, sanitation, and hygiene was responsible for 829 000 deaths from diarrhoeal disease in 2016.
The infection is caused due to drinking water, or may be a chance of occurring from swimming water, by these two ways. Quick encyclopedia of life support systems eolss year. Despite numerous efforts by government at various levels and other agencies interested in water and its safety, waterborne diseases are still a major public health and environmental concern. Children in this age group suffer from an average of 2.
Symptoms of food or water borne illness are gastrointestinal, for example diarrhea and stomach cramps. Water resources management for enhanced water, sanitation. This involves with bacterial, viral or protozoan organisms. Infections can be spread by bathing, washing, drinking, in the preparation of food, or the consumption of food thus infected. The microbestypically bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasitesare usually found in the intestinal tracts of humans and other creatures. Sep 29, 2016 the diseases spreading through contaminated water are known as waterborne diseases. Because climate change increases the severity and frequency of some major precipitation. Mortality due to unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene services. Waterborne diseases are caused by water that is contaminated with microorganisms. Association of waterborne diseases morbidity pattern and. Riverine communities and waterborne diseases in south eastern.
Feb 27, 2019 water borne diseases are the ones caused by pathogenic microbes spread via contaminated water. Water borne diseases are any illness caused by drinking water, which contain pathogenic microorganisms. Prevalence of waterborne diseases and microbial assessment of drinking water quality in adoekiti and its environs, southwestern, nigeria busayo mutiat olowe 1, jacob o. Mar 24, 2016 the current study was undertaken to describe the trends and pattern of diseases related to water and foodborne pathogens reported during the period 2009 to 20 at the ridge hospital in accra, ghana and to provide a baseline that could serve as a guide in the establishment of sentinel sites or a surveillance system for diseases in the country. Who mortality and burden of disease from water and sanitation. Data on 1,334 cases of various water borne diseases was collected from eight public hospitals with catchments covering the study area. This study examined the relationship between the spatial pattern of waterborne diseases visa vis water quality in parts of ibadan city in nigeria. Transmission of these pathogens occurs while using infected water for drinking, food preparation, and. For more information, please visit healthy waters global water, sanitation, and hygienerelated diseases. Ensuring universal access to water and sanitation, the major preventive action for preventing these diseases, is one of the united nations sustainable development goals for 2030.
The world health organization estimates that 80% of diseases worldwide are waterborne. Trends of reported foodborne diseases at the ridge hospital. Jul 20, 2017 waterborne diseases are caused by a variety of microorganisms, biotoxins, and toxic contaminants, which lead to devastating illnesses such as cholera, schistosomiasis and other gastrointestinal problems. Of the 36 diseases, 12 are caused by bacteria, 4 are caused by viruses, 19 are caused by parasites, and 1 has numerous infectious agents. It is well recognized that the prevalence of water borne diseases may be greatly reduced by providing people with safe, sanitary disposal of feces and provision of clean drinking water. The high prevalence of cases of water borne diseases in most cities in nigeria is alarming. Today, infectious diseases, which used to wreak havoc in europe till mid 19th century, are being regarded as diseases of the underdeveloped world. Waterborne diseases spread by contaminating drinking water systems with feces and urine of infected animals or people. An airborne disease is caused by droplets of pathogens which are expelled into the air by coughing, sneezing or talking. Alarmingly, groundwater in onethird of indias 600 dist. Many common infections can spread by airborne transmission are tuberculosis, influenza, small pox. Additionally, the country is dealing with security issues and instability from religious squabbles between muslims in the northern region of nigeria and christians in the southern region. The most common waterborne diseases in nigeria include cholera, dracunculiasis, hepatitis, and typhoid 27. Water borne diseases diseases caused by ingestion of water, contaminated by, human or animal excrement, containing various pathogenic microorganisms.
These diseases can be spread while bathing, washing, drinking water, or by eating food exposed to contaminated water. Riverine communities and waterborne diseases in south. In ogun state, southwest nigeria, diarrhoea is one of the three diseases the others being typhoid fever and cholera which together are the second most. Displacement away from infrastructure leads to poor sanitation, water borne diseases and an increased risk of communicable diseases. In ogun state, southwest nigeria, diarrhoea is one of the three diseases the others being typhoid fever and cholera which together are the second most prevalent waterrelated disease omole et. Over the past decades, the picture of water related human health issues has become increasingly comprehensive, with the emergence of new water related infection diseases and the reemergence of ones already known. Water washed water scarce diseases, such as polio, are diseases where the interruption of the transmission is achieved through proper attention to effective sanitation, washing and personal hygiene. Additionally, the country is dealing with security issues. These organisms are passed in the feces of animals and infected people. Displacement away from infrastructure leads to poor sanitation, waterborne diseases and an increased risk of communicable diseases. Jun 06, 2019 water a lifegiving liquid can also be a lifetaking lethal fluid. In ogun state, southwest nigeria, diarrhoea is one of the three diseases the others being typhoid fever and cholera which together are the second most prevalent water related disease omole et.
Association of waterborne diseases morbidity pattern and water quality in parts of ibadan city, nigeria. Clean water is a prerequisite for reducing the spread of water borne diseases. Griffiths, in international encyclopedia of public health second edition, 2017. The diseases spreading through contaminated water are known as waterborne diseases. Burden of diarrhoeal diseases related to water, sanitation and hygiene. Pdf association of waterborne diseases morbidity pattern. I transmission and preventation of waterrelated diseases j. Extended burden of disease estimates related to water, sanitation and hygiene. Three areas with relatively high incidence of water borne diseases and.
Water is a critical raw material in many streetvended operations. Prevalence of waterborne diseases and microbial assessment of. Contaminated water can create a public health risk when it is used for drinking, washing of foods, incorporated in the food as an ingredient and used in the processing of food or used for washing equipment, utensils and hands. Waterborne diseases an overview sciencedirect topics. Unicef water, sanitation and hygiene common water and. Spatial analysis of factors responsible for incidence of. The integrated control of infectious diseases is a control strategy that combines, if relevant, the abovementioned approaches who 1983. The contamination of water may be due to bacterial, viral or protozoan organisms. Effects of waterborne disease and its prevention narayana. Pdf an assessment of water related diseases in a nigerian. Disease can be spread while bathing, washing, drinking water, or by eating food exposed to contaminated water. Association of water borne diseases morbidity pattern and water quality in parts of ibadan city, nigeria.
Cases of water borne diseases linked to contaminations of drinking water with pathogens have also been reported in several towns 28,29,30. Waterborne diseases are caused by a variety of microorganisms, biotoxins, and toxic contaminants, which lead to devastating illnesses such as cholera, schistosomiasis and other gastrointestinal problems. Waterborne diseases are conditions caused by pathogenic microorganisms that are transmitted in water. Food and waterborne diseases ministry of health nz. Neglected tropical diseases like schistosomiasis and guinea worm disease can be reduced almost 80% with improved hygiene, sanitation, and safe water access 3. This study adopts gis techniques to investigate the spatial variation of water borne diseases in ileife, nigeria. While diarrhea and vomiting are the most commonly reported symptoms of waterborne illness, other symptoms can include skin, ear.
Water a lifegiving liquid can also be a lifetaking lethal fluid. Observation of relevant sanitary conditions and practices around each water source were carried out. Waterborne diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms and most commonly transmitted through contaminated fresh water. While diarrhea and vomiting are the most commonly reported symptoms of waterborne illness, other symptoms can include skin, ear, respiratory, or eye.
Oluyege 1 and oladiran famurewa 1 1department of microbiology, ekiti state university, ekiti state, nigeria. Waterwashed waterscarce diseases, such as polio, are diseases where the interruption of the transmission is achieved through proper attention to effective sanitation, washing and personal hygiene. The spread of contaminated water is likely to happen where private and public drinking systems get their water such as surface waters creeks, rivers, lakes, and rain. Ecoli cfu decreased with depth of wells and distance from pit latrines. The data must be interpreted cautiously, as differences between countries are likely to reflect the efficiency of surveillance systems rather than differences in outbreaks, and data were available for only 14 countries.
An outbreak of waterborne disease is usually defined as an event meeting two criteria. Greater than 80% of cases are among children under five years old. Data on 1,334 cases of various waterborne diseases was collected from eight public hospitals with catchments covering the study area. Auacscboyceay09 air command and staff college drinking. The relevant pathogens may be viruses, bacteria, or fungi.
The excessive concentrations of these parameters seem to be related to the reported cases of water borne diseases in the town at the time of the. Regular washing of hands, especially after going to the toilet, is the most effective measure in preventing many infections, as is proper washing. Under round 4 entitled water resources management for enhanced water, sanitation, and hygiene wrmwash, usaidgh is seeking concept papers that incorporate interventions that will build upon and expand usaids efforts to reduce water borne diseases in nigeria. This study examined the relationship between the spatial pattern of water borne diseases visa vis water quality in parts of ibadan city in nigeria. Outbreaks of waterborne diseases often occur after a severe precipitation event rainfall, snowfall. Trends of reported foodborne diseases at the ridge. Nigeria persistent armed conflict by and with boko haram in northeastern nigeria is resulting in widespread displacements, food insecurity, and many victims of violence. Infectious waterborne diseases, which discusses 36 infectious diseases of man that can be or are strongly suspected of being transmitted by water. In most cases, the water becomes contaminated by feces that carry the.
Pdf spatial analysis of factors responsible for incidence. Waterborne diseases are any illness caused by drinking water, which contain pathogenic microorganisms. Poor access to improved water and sanitation in nigeria remains a major contributing factor to high morbidity and mortality rates among children under five. In these cities, there is little documentation about the spatial variability of the incidence of the diseases. Diarrhoeal diseases are responsible for approximately 2. The use of contaminated drinking water and poor sanitary conditions result in increased vulnerability to waterborne diseases, including diarrhoea which leads to deaths of more than 70,000. Malaria may, to some extent, be a waterborne disease, but that the malaria plasmodium or poison gains admittance into the system wholly by way of the stomach, we think we have ample evidence to lead us to doubt. Crypto is recognized as one of the most common water borne diseases in the united states, with an estimated 748,000 cases occurring annually. An analysis of well water quality and the incidence of water borne diseases in emohua communities, rivers state, nigeria vincent ezikornwor weli and vincent anaboro ogbonna, department of geography and environmental management, faculty of social sciences, university of port harcourt, p. Waterborne diseases are the ones caused by pathogenic microbes spread via contaminated water.
Occurrence of diarrhoea and other waterborne diseases in cities of developing countries has been on the increase over the decades largely due to unsafe water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene among human population. A double asterisk indicates vector or insectborne diseases associated with water. In fact, access to safe water and improved hygiene and sanitation has the potential to prevent at least 9. The use of contaminated drinking water and poor sanitary conditions result in increased vulnerability to water borne diseases, including diarrhoea which leads to deaths of more than 70,000. Transmission and preventation of waterrelated diseases. Though usually found in both recreational and drinking water, the virus also transmits through dirty swimming water, uncooked contaminated food, and close contact with infected people or animals. Drinkingwater find out about the ministrys work and initiatives on drinkingwater, wastewater and sewage food find out about food safety and standards, food regulation in new zealand, and common foodborne illnesses including salmonella, campylobacter, and li.
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