Proceedings of the national seminar on animal health reflections and future horizons held on march 06, 2008 at faculty of veterinary science, uaf a. Echocardiography of the normal camel camelus dromedaries heart. Many of these adaptations allow for conservation of energy and water as well as. Anatomical structure of the camel fetlock joint was reported by smuts and. The male dromedary carcass can weigh 300400 kg 661882 lb, while the carcass of a male bactrian can weigh up to 650 kg 1,433 lb. These onehumped, dromedary camels are mostly tame domesticated now. Pdf anatomy of the dromedarian camel abdulrahman bello. The anatomy and histology of the atrioventricular bundle avb was studied in the heart of six camels camelus dromedarius. If they dont have food for a long time the fat in their hump will begin to break down and be used by the body. Echocardiography of the normal camel camelus dromedaries. Foetal circulation and ancillary sense organs of the. The walls of all four heart chambers are consisted of three major layers or tunics. Natural habitat, population and socioeconomic role maps 1 and 2 show the area of distribution of camels, which comprises the tropical. Pdf echocardiography and intracardiac dimensions have not previously been reported.
Dromedary camels have the capability and the genetic potential to achieve high levels of milk production. Samples were kept in 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed with routine histological procedures. Left ventricles of the mature camel heart camelus dromedaries. In camel practice, ultrasonography has been used mainly for examination of the reproductive tract 1416. To the authors knowledge, echocardiography of the normal camel heart and its internal dimensions has not previously been reported in the literature. The general circulation in the dromedary camel was only studied by smuts and hout 1987. The author did not find any information pertaining to the foetal circulation of the dromedary camel in the available literature. There is also significant feral population of dromedary camels in australian deserts. Anatomically, it lies beneath the epicardium, at the cranial end of the terminal sulcus, near the junction between the superior vena cava to the lateral wall of the right atrium and the right auricle. Mar 02, 2015 the heart beat can be accelerated by nerves of the sympathetic nervous system or slowed by the parasympathetic nerves. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Left ventricles of the mature camel heart camelus dromedaries with special. Original article observations on dromedary arabian camel.
In camels, there is a bilateral coronary supply, the right coronary artery being the larger. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 321k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. It is well documented that dromedary camel has some biochemical, anatomical and physiological peculiarities. Left parasternal caudal longaxis view of the heart. Unique features of blood the camel can dehydrate without compromising blood viscosity. The carcass of a female dromedary weighs less than the male, ranging between 250 and 350 kg 550 and 770 lb. The dromedary, or the onehumped camel, provides the livelihood for the peoples of north africa, the middle east and asia. Dromedary camel, lampert academic publishing, germany. This is as much true in terms of lack of efforts to improve its care and productivity as it is in terms of lack of any planned research on it. There are two main species of camel, the dromedary camel sometimes called the arabian camel which has a single hump and are warmer climate dwellers and the bactrian camel which has two humps and are rugged coldclimate camels.
Echocardiography and intracardiac dimensions have not previously been reported in adult camels despite its potential application for medical purpose. Foetal circulation of the dromedary camel camelus dromedarius. This wellillustrated sourcebook presents the first complete and systematic anatomical description of the dromedary, useful not only to zoologists and veterinarians but also to archeozoologists, who will be able to use the illustrations of the bones to identify camel and cameloid osteological material. Pdf left ventricles of the mature camel heart camelus. Pdf anatomy of the dromedary head skeleton revisited. Anatomy of the dromedary head skeleton revisited article pdf available in journal of morphological sciences 342. For this reason, camel diseases are dealt with separately from those of llamas and alpacas. Interest in camel research has stimulated the present study concerning the activity of the digestive enzymes in the camel rumen fluid. Histology of sinoatrial node in the dromedary camel foetus marwababiker a.
Anatomy, dromedary camel, fetlock joint, ligament, metacarpometatarsophalangeal joint it is conceivable that foot joint features of camel are the result of a natural selection process that favoured adaptation to locomotion. Functional anatomical adaptations of dromedary camelus dromedaries and. All evolved from a common ancestor some 4045 million years ago in north america. Original article anatomical and histological studies of. Dromedary camel 3876 72 sheep 62127 60 goat 76196 65 zebu 63178 65 buffalo 108203 66 table 1. A camel carcass can provide a substantial amount of meat.
Pdf histology of sinoatrial node in the dromedary camel foetus. Clinical, hematological and blood biochemical features of camels. Gross and microanatomical studies on the moderator bands septomarginal trabecula in the heart of mature dromedary camel camelus dromedarius wael ghonimi, ahmad awad abuelatta, mohamed hafez bareedy and ahmad balah department of histology and cytology, faculty of veterinary medicine, zagazig university, 44519 zagazig, egypt. Fetal differentiation of the lower respiratory tract of. Microscopic anatomy and ultrastructure of the camelus. Anatomical features were described and samples were collected from 8 animals. The camel, without exaggeration, is the most ignored among the domestic ruminants in pakistan.
Functional anatomical adaptations of dromedary camelus. The aim of this study was to describe the results of a prospective study, aiming to report normal cardiac appearance and normal chamber dimensions in adult camels camelus dromedarius. Histology of sinoatrial node in the dromedary camel foetus. Pdf histology of sinoatrial node in the dromedary camel. Arabian camels, also known as dromedaries, have only one hump, but they employ it to great effect. As domestic animals, they are generally found in arid regions in the middle east, northern india and africa, particular in the sahara desert. The atrioventricular bundle ran through the fibrous trigone and entered the lower part. The objective of this investigation is to throw more light on the micromorphological structure of the sinuatrial node in the mature dromedary camel hearts. Aortic ring, camel heart, camelus dromedaries, cardiac skeleton.
Therefore it has been decided to investigate the foetal circulation of the dromedary camel with the following objectives. The heart muscles have the capacity to generate the cardiac impulse and then to conduct it from the atrial to the ventricular chambers. Camel has the ability of walking in sandy rough terrain for a long. The anatomy of the heart oval foramen in the iranian dromedary camel fetuses. May 30, 2019 the dromedary camelus dromedarius or onehumped camel is one of a halfdozen of camel species left on the planet, including llamas, alpacas, vicunas, and guanacos in south america, as well as its cousin, the twohumped bactrian camel. Media in category camelus dromedarius anatomy the following 28 files are in this category, out of 28 total. In this study, we examined 22 dromedary camel foetus 1093 days of gestation.
On the right side, when the probe was placed in the 5th or. This bone is large, elongated and embedding inside the heart wall where the cardiac muscles are inserted and fixed. Purification of the three enzymes examined should be carried out in order to study their properties in the pure forms away from the factors affecting their activities as crude forms in the camel rumen fluid. This investigation was carried out on the heart of ten healthy. Camelus dromedarius ingewanden 17001880 print iconographia zoologica special collections university of amsterdam uba01 iz21600003. Mar 02, 2015 the sinuatrial node san is one of the impulse conducting system of the camel heart. The data on the medical and surgical use in the camel are rare. The dromedary camel has long double eyelashes and a nictitating membrane to protect the eyes from the sun and sand, and slitlike openings of closable nostrils. Anatomy of the dromedary malie marie sophie smuts, abraham. Gross and microanatomical studies on the moderator bands.
Physiology of lactation and machine milking in dromedary. The anatomy of the atrioventricular bundle in the heart of. The detailed coronary arterial anatomy of seven camels was studied and compared with that of horses and cattle. The camels blood plays a principal role in adaptive mechanisms to high heat load and dehydration 5. The name camel comes from the greek kamelos from the hebrew gamal or arabic jamal. In the available books, grossman 1960 did not mention anything concerning camel fetlock joint. Nov, 2012 the genetic code of camelus bactrianus ferusa twohumped camel that now numbers less than 900 in the wildreveals 20,821 genes, many of them providing the metabolic tools to cope with days. Coronary arterial anatomy of the onehumped camel camelus. The dromedary has not occurred naturally in the wild for nearly 2,000 years. Anatomy of the dromedary oxford science publications. The objective of the study was to examine the anatomy and histology of the swine vagina.
Lecturer in anatomy, cairo university giza references bradley, 1920 o. Os cordis of mature dromedary camel heart camelus dromedaries. Camel milk, the bedouin beverage of choice, is more nutritious than cow milk, with more potassium, more iron, and three times as much vitamin c. The onehumped camel camelus dromedarius is capable of living in extreme, arid environments due to its numerous anatomical adaptations. Text and atlas, 12th edition 9780071714754 mcgraw hill professional, 2009 anthony mescher 480 pages 2009 anatomical and histological examination of the porcine vagina and supportive structures. This investigation was carried out on the heart of ten healthy mature camels.
Blood enters the fetus through 2 large umbilical veins that unite in a large intraabdominal venous sinus, about 18 cm from the liver and then drains into the liver via a single vein. Sinuatrial node of mature dromedary camel heart camelus. The trunk of the atrioventricular bundle bundle of his was a direct continuation of the atrioventricular av node with no sharp line of demarcation between the node and the bundle. The genetic code of camelus bactrianus ferusa twohumped camel that now numbers less than 900 in the wildreveals 20,821 genes, many of. Chauveau, the comparative anatomy of the domesticated animal 1891 appleton new york lesbre, 1903 f. Physiology of lactation and machine milking in drome dary she camel s kaskous. By the year 2000, it could also be the source of protein for them.
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